Análisis de meriendas escolares: estudio piloto en educación infantil / School meals analysis: pilot study in early childhood education

Fundamentos: La escuela puede ser un contexto favorecedor para prevenir la obesidad infantil, por lo que pautar meriendas escolares puede contribuir a adoptar hábitos saludables. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: a) analizar el grado de cumplimiento de las meriendas pautadas; b) comparar las características de las meriendas según si eran o no pautadas. Métodos: Estudio transversal donde han participado centros escolares de las ciudades de Vigo y Pontevedra. Para el análisis comparativo se clasificó y categorizó cada una de las meriendas de los centros con y sin pauta. Asimismo, se comparó la composición de las meriendas establecidas, dependiendo si habían cumplido o no la pauta. Resultados: Se analizaron 1259 meriendas establecidas y 1363 sin pauta. El 81,2% de las meriendas recogidas cumplían con los requisitos pautados. Las meriendas no establecidas incluyeron un número de alimentos significativamente superior (p<0,001), así como un mayor porcentaje de alimentos ultraprocesados. En los centros con pauta, los niños cumplidores incluían más fruta y embutido, mientras que los no cumplidores llevaban más ultraprocesados. Conclusiones: Pautar meriendas escolares en educación infantil es una estrategia efectiva para asegurar una nutrición variada y una menor ingesta de alimentos ultraprocesados. (AU)

Background: The school can be a favorable context to prevent childhood obesity, so that the pattern of school snacks can contribute to the adoption of healthy habits. The aim of this study was twofold: a) to analyze the degree of compliance with the prescribed snacks; b) to compare the characteristics of the snacks according to whether they were prescribed or not. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which schools in the cities of Vigo and Pontevedra participated. For the comparative analysis, we classified and categorized each of the snacks in the schools with and without guidelines. Likewise, the composition of the established snacks was compared, depending on whether or not they had complied with the guideline. Results: A total of 1259 established snacks and 1363 without guidelines were analyzed. Of the snacks collected, 81.2% complied with the requirements established. The non-established snacks included a significantly higher number of foods (p<0.001), as well as a higher percentage of ultra-processed foods. In guideline centers, compliant children included more fruit and sausage, while non-compliant children had more ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: The school snack program in early childhood education is an effective strategy to ensure avaried nutrition and a lower intake of ultra-processed foods. (AU)

Influence of Body Mass Index, Physical Fitness, and Physical Activity on Energy Expenditure during Recess.

This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between energy expenditure, physical fitness level, physical activity, and body mass index among children taking part in a 30 min school recess. A total of 259 participants from three schools were included in this study. Data on energy expenditure during recess, age, gender, anthropometric measurements, global physical fitness, and physical activity index were recorded. The evaluation sessions occurred twice a week on alternate days over two weeks. A significant gender difference was observed in energy expenditure during recess, favoring boys (p < 0.01). The participants classified as very active exhibited significantly higher scores compared to those categorized as sedentary and moderately active, respectively (p < 0.01), with a poor but significant correlation (rho: 0.208; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness and energy expenditure and global physical fitness (p < 0.01) with fair (rho: 0.289; p < 0.001) and poor (rho: 0.196, p = 0.001) correlation, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences by body mass index categories (p = 0.571). These results suggest that gender, physical activity index, and global physical fitness were found to influence energy expenditure during a 30 min recess. However, no significant relationships were found with the body mass index.

Training profile, sporting habits and injury characteristics of Spanish obstacle course races participants: cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide information on the training profile and characteristics of injuries sustained by obstacle course racing competitors. METHODS: This research is a nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey conducted in 2023. RESULTS: We analyzed the data collected from 201 obstacle course racing participants (mean age: 33.8 ± 7.1 years; 60.7% men). On average, athletes had 2.9 ± 2.4 years of obstacle course racing experience and participated in approximately four races in the previous year. Most of these races covered distances of 5-10 km (65.2%). Among the participants, 28.4% reported injuries, with the upper extremities being the most frequently affected. Approximately 19% of these injuries required medical supervision, and 2% led to hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Injury risk in obstacle course racing participants was associated with participation in a higher number of obstacle course racing competitions, reduced time between these competitions and having performed specific obstacle training.

Effect of physical exercise in people with hypothyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to systematically revise the available evidence on the effects of physical exercise training programmes on people with hypothyroidism. Comparative studies were searched in six electronic databases until April 2023. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies were used to determine the methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials and comparative studies respectively. A total of 10 studies were found showing a low to moderate methodological quality. Most of them were performed in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Exercise seemed to be safe, with aerobic and resistance training leading to improvements in outcomes related to physical and mental health. The performed meta-analysis with data from 120 participants indicated that exercise showed a non-significant trend towards reducing thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (Hedges'g -0.96; 95% CI -2.71; 0.79, p = 0.160; I2 = 92%). When the analysis was performed by comparing the experimental, and control groups with data from 180 participants the results remained non-significant (SMD -1.09; CI 95% -2.88; 0.70, p = 0.23; I2 = 95%). Similar findings were obtained when pooling data for FT3 and FT4 levels. Exercise does not have a significant impact on thyroid function, although its practice can lead to secondary outcomes related to physical and mental health.

Influencia de la actividad en la imagen corporal en preadolescentes y adolescentes: importancia del índice de masa corporal como factor de confusión / Influence of exercise in the body image of preadolescents and adolescents: importance of the body mass index as a factor of confusion

Introducción: los adolescentes son el grupo más vulnerable frente a las distorsiones en la percepción de la imagen. Ello les conduce frecuentemente a una insatisfacción corporal que puede afectar negativamente a su autoestima. La práctica de actividad física (AF) podría ayudar a solventar este problema. Objetivos: analizar la influencia que la cantidad de AF realizada tiene sobre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal en población pre y adolescente, teniendo en cuenta factores de confusión que pudieran afectar a esta relación. Métodos: estudio transversal con 822 participantes de entre 9 y 16 años. Se determinó la prevalencia de AF, su índice de masa corporal (IMC) y su condición física (CF) objetiva y percibida. Se empleó el pictograma de Stunkard para determinar el grado de insatisfacción corporal. Resultados: se determinó que existe una satisfacción generalizada con la propia imagen corporal con independencia de la edad y el sexo. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas de baja magnitud entre la imagen corporal percibida y la cantidad de AF, la CF percibida y la CF objetiva. La AF no influyó en la satisfacción corporal cuando se ajustó en base al IMC, que fue la variable que presentó correlaciones más elevadas con la autopercepción (r = 0,713) y la propia satisfacción (r = 0,576). Conclusiones: se determinó que existe una satisfacción generalizada con la propia imagen corporal en la población pre y adolescente objeto de estudio. La cantidad de AF no se mostró como una variable de gran influencia sobre la autopercepción y la satisfacción corporal, al contrario que el IMC. (AU)

Introduction: adolescents are the group most vulnerable to distortions in the perception of their image. This often leads to body dissatisfaction that can negatively affect their self-esteem. The practice of physical activity (PA) could help solve this problem. Objectives: to analyze the influence that the amount of PA performed has on the self-perception of body image in the pre and adolescent population while taking into account confounding factors that could affect this relationship. Methods: a cross-sectional study of 822 participants aged 9 to 16 years was conducted. The prevalence of PA, their body mass index (BMI), and their objective and perceived physical condition (PC) were determined. The Stunkard pictogram was used to determine the degree of body dissatisfaction. Results: a generalized satisfaction with own body image was found regardless of age and sex. Low-magnitude significant associations were found between perceived body image and the amount of PA, perceived PC, and objective PC. PA did not influence body satisfaction when adjusted for BMI, which was the variable that presented the highest correlations with self-perception (r = 0.713) and self-satisfaction (r = 0.576). Conclusions: a generalized satisfaction with one's own body image was identified in the pre and adolescent population under study. The amount of PA was not shown to be a variable with great influence on self-perception and body satisfaction, contrary to BMI. (AU)

[Influence of exercise in the body image of preadolescents and adolescents: importance of the index of corporal mass as a factor of confusion]. / Influencia de la actividad en la imagen corporal en preadolescentes y adolescentes: importancia del índice de masa corporal como factor de confusión.

Introduction: Introduction: adolescents are the group most vulnerable to distortions in the perception of their image. This often leads to body dissatisfaction that can negatively affect their self-esteem. The practice of physical activity (PA) could help solve this problem. Objectives: to analyze the influence that the amount of PA performed has on the self-perception of body image in the pre and adolescent population while taking into account confounding factors that could affect this relationship. Methods: a cross-sectional study of 822 participants aged 9 to 16 years was conducted. The prevalence of PA, their body mass index (BMI), and their objective and perceived physical condition (PC) were determined. The Stunkard pictogram was used to determine the degree of body dissatisfaction. Results: a generalized satisfaction with own body image was found regardless of age and sex. Low-magnitude significant associations were found between perceived body image and the amount of PA, perceived PC, and objective PC. PA did not influence body satisfaction when adjusted for BMI, which was the variable that presented the highest correlations with self-perception (r = 0.713) and self-satisfaction (r = 0.576). Conclusions: a generalized satisfaction with one's own body image was identified in the pre and adolescent population under study. The amount of PA was not shown to be a variable with great influence on self-perception and body satisfaction, contrary to BMI.

Introducción: Introducción: los adolescentes son el grupo más vulnerable frente a las distorsiones en la percepción de la imagen. Ello les conduce frecuentemente a una insatisfacción corporal que puede afectar negativamente a su autoestima. La práctica de actividad física (AF) podría ayudar a solventar este problema. Objetivos: analizar la influencia que la cantidad de AF realizada tiene sobre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal en población pre y adolescente, teniendo en cuenta factores de confusión que pudieran afectar a esta relación. Métodos: estudio transversal con 822 participantes de entre 9 y 16 años. Se determinó la prevalencia de AF, su índice de masa corporal (IMC) y su condición física (CF) objetiva y percibida. Se empleó el pictograma de Stunkard para determinar el grado de insatisfacción corporal. Resultados: se determinó que existe una satisfacción generalizada con la propia imagen corporal con independencia de la edad y el sexo. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas de baja magnitud entre la imagen corporal percibida y la cantidad de AF, la CF percibida y la CF objetiva. La AF no influyó en la satisfacción corporal cuando se ajustó en base al IMC, que fue la variable que presentó correlaciones más elevadas con la autopercepción (r = 0,713) y la propia satisfacción (r = 0,576). Conclusiones: se determinó que existe una satisfacción generalizada con la propia imagen corporal en la población pre y adolescente objeto de estudio. La cantidad de AF no se mostró como una variable de gran influencia sobre la autopercepción y la satisfacción corporal, al contrario que el IMC.

Re-warm-up practices in elite and sub-elite Spanish men's and women's basketball team: practitioners' perspectives / Prácticas de re-calentamiento en equipos de baloncesto masculino y femenino de élite y sub-élite españoles: perspectivas de los profesionales / Práticas de reaquecimento nas equipas de elite e subelite espanholas de basquetebol masculino e feminino: perspectivas dos praticantes

Objective: Research suggests that an active re-warm-up (RW-U) during half-time improves performance capacity in team sports, despite limited evidence in basketball. This study aimed to identify the practice of RW-U activities during the half-time period in elite and sub-elite Spanish men's and women's basketball teams. Methods: We asked strength and conditioning coaches from all teams competing at ACB, LF, LF2, LEB Oro, LEB Plata and EBA leagues during the 2020/21 season to fill in a web survey. Results: All respondents reported familiarization with the RW-U concept, although 45% only reproduced traditional strategies. Half of the coaches indicated that they always performed some activity, while the other half pointed out lack of time (45.7%) and player demands (62.9%) as the main constraints impeding its regular use. Conclusion: Spanish basketball teams continue to reproduce traditional practices of active re-warm-up during half-time, regardless of their competitive level.(AU)

Objetivo: La investigación sugiere que un recalentamiento activo (RW-U) durante el descanso mejora la capacidad de rendimiento en los deportes de equipo, a pesar de que la evidencia en el baloncesto es limitada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la práctica de actividades de RW-U durante el periodo de descanso en equipos de baloncesto españoles de élite y sub-élite. Métodos: Se pidió a los preparadores físicos de todos los equipos que compiten en las ligas ACB, LF, LF2, LEB Oro, LEB Plata y EBA durante la temporada2020/21 que rellenaran una encuesta web. Resultados: Todos los encuestados declararon estar familiarizados con el concepto RW-U, aunque el 45% sólo reprodujo las estrategias tradicionales. La mitad de los entrenadores indicó que siempre realizaba alguna actividad, mientras que la otra mitad señaló la falta de tiempo (45,7%) y la exigencia de los jugadores (62,9%) como las principales razones que limitan su uso regular. Conclusión: Los equipos de baloncesto español siguen reproduciendo prácticas tradicionales de re-calentamiento activo durante el medio tiempo, independientemente de su nivel competitivo.(AU)

Objectivos: A investigação sugere que um reaquecimento activo (RW-U) durante o intervalo melhora a capacidade de desempenho nos desportos de equipa, apesar das provas limitadas no basquetebol. Este estudo visava identificar a prática de actividades de RW-U durante o intervalo nas equipas de elite e subelite espanholas de basquetebol masculino e feminino. Métodos: Pedimos força e condicionamento aos treinadores de toda as equipas que competiram nas ligas ACB, LF, LF2, LEB Oro, LEB Plata e EBA durante a época de 2020/21 para preencher um inquérito na web. Resultados: Todos os inquiridos relataram familiarização com o conceito de RW-U, embora 45% reproduzissem apenas estratégias tradicionais. Metade dos treinadores indicaram que sempre realizaram alguma actividade, enquanto a outra metade apontou a falta de tempo (45,7%) e as exigências dos jogadores (62,9%) como os principais constrangimentos que impedem a sua utilização regular.Conclusão: As equipas espanholas de basquetebol continuam a reproduzir práticas tradicionais de reaquecimento activo durante o intervalo, independentemente do seu nível competitivo.(AU)